Highlights :

• Declines in labor shares (starting around 1980) accelerate in 2001-2007, after which labor shares recover somewhat. In contrast, skilled labor shares consistently increase.
• The acceleration in the decline in labor shares is associated with increased intensity of intermediate input exporting through global value chains (GVCs). China’s global integration accounts for much of this.
• Declines in the price of investment together with capital-skill complementarity can explain both the consistent increase in skilled labor shares and the reversal of trend in overall labor shares.
• Compared to shares in GDP, labor shares in gross national product (GNP) are higher in countries with positive net FDI positions; the uneven spread of multinational activity contributes to greater inequality through this channel.

 Abstract :
We study the evolution of labor shares in 1995-2014 while taking into account international trade based on value added concepts. On average, the decline in labor shares (starting around 1980) accelerates in 2001-2007, after which labor shares recover somewhat. In contrast, skilled labor shares consistently increase. The acceleration in the decline in labor shares is associated with increased intensity of intermediate input exporting; this manifests in a sharp increase in the foreign component in upstreamness of industries and countries in global value chains (GVCs). China's global integration accounts for much of this. Declines in the price of investment together with capital-skill complementarity can explain both the consistent increase in skilled labor shares and the reversal of trend in overall labor shares. Compared to shares in GDP, labor shares in gross national product (GNP) are higher in countries with positive net FDI positions; the uneven spread of multinational activity contributes to greater inequality through this channel.

 Keywords : Labor Share | Skilled Labor Share | Global Value Chains | Offshoring | Vertical Integration

 JEL : E25, F14, F15, F16, F66; J00


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