Source: CEPII, WTFC (World Trade Flows Characterization) database.

Notes:

Individual data are not available for Belgium and Luxembourg for the whole period.
Hence illustrations for Belgium or Luxembourg refer to the sum of Belgium and Luxembourg.

Products are defined at the 6-digit level of the Harmonized System (HS) classification in BACI database and aggregated at the manufacturing sector level according to the CHELEM database classification (BA to GI and KA to KI, see Classifications)


We follow the Fontagné, Freudenberg and Péridy (1997) methodology.
A unit value range is assigned to each elementary flow depending on its unit value relatively to a world reference. This reference corresponds to the world median of all unit values weighted by the value of their flow for a given year. The three unit value ranges for each flow at the country-partner-product-year level are defined as followed:

• High unit value range, if the product unit value exceeds the world reference by at least 15%,
• Medium unit value range, if the product unit value ranges between +/-15% around the reference,
• Low unit value range, if the product unit value is below the reference by at least 15%.