This paper explores the relationship between real exchange rate (RER) misalignments and economic fundamentals with respect to the exchange rate regime choice. In a first step, using the technical inefficiency model, we measure RER misalignments and, more specifically, RER overvaluation. In a second step, we assess the effects of the main economic indicators and the choice of a country's exchange rate regime on RER overvaluation. Our empirical findings, based on nonlinear specifications and impulse response functions of Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) estimations, reveal that for developing countries, and during the expansion and peak phases of the business cycle, the floating exchange rate regime may be used as a policy tool to contain the pressure in the exchange rate, and so limit overvaluation. Our findings also reveal that in the context of fixed and intermediate exchange rate regimes, an expansionary monetary policy is an effective tool to stabilize exchange rate fluctuations and mitigate overvaluation.